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Spring 定时任务 No qualifying bean of type TaskScheduler available 及 Could not find default TaskScheduler bean异常处理
最近使用 Spring + SpringMvc + Quartz 的系统中，使用@annotation 注解方式, 直接在类的方法上使用@Scheduled(cron=”0 /5 * * ?”)来实现定时任务，在使用 debug 日志级别时，启动提示 Could not find default TaskScheduler bean 异常：
10:44:18.816 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Could not find default TaskScheduler bean
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.scheduling.TaskScheduler' available
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:996)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:994)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.resolveSchedulerBean(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.finishRegistration(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:226)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:203)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:97)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:172)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:165)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:139)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:393)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:347)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:883)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.__refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:546)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:41010)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.jrInitWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:40002)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:171)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1123)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1078)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:971)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4849)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5165)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1382)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1372)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:907)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1382)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1372)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:907)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:933)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:637)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.__invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:45009)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:45012)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492)
10:44:18.823 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - Could not find default ScheduledExecutorService bean
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService' available
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:996)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveNamedBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:994)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.resolveSchedulerBean(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.finishRegistration(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:247)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:203)
at org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.onApplicationEvent(ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:97)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.doInvokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:172)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.invokeListener(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:165)
at org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster.java:139)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:393)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.publishEvent(AbstractApplicationContext.java:347)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishRefresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:883)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.__refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:546)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:41010)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.jrInitWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:40002)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:171)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1123)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1078)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:971)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4849)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5165)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1382)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1372)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:907)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1382)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1372)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:134)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:907)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:933)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:637)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.__invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:45009)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:45012)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:350)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:492)
10:44:18.823 [main] INFO org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - No TaskScheduler/ScheduledExecutorService bean found for scheduled processing
很困惑，配置都没有问题啊？通过在 Stack Overflo 辛苦的寻找才发现其实是定时任务框架的一个机制，原来在 org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.inishRegistration():这个方法中，是这样处理的：
if (this.registrar.hasTasks() && this.registrar.getScheduler() == null) {
Assert.state(this.beanFactory != null, "BeanFactory must be set to find scheduler by type");
try {
// Search for TaskScheduler bean...
this.registrar.setTaskScheduler(this.beanFactory.getBean(TaskScheduler.class));
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
logger.debug("Could not find default TaskScheduler bean", ex);
// Search for ScheduledExecutorService bean next...
try {
this.registrar.setScheduler(this.beanFactory.getBean(ScheduledExecutorService.class));
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex2) {
logger.debug("Could not find default ScheduledExecutorService bean", ex);
// Giving up -> falling back to default scheduler within the registrar...
}
}
}
上面代码中，程序通过 beanfactory.getbean 方法找到在 Spring 中注册的调度器， 如果 ScheduledExecutorService 没有找到，就使用默认的调度器。所以，这个过程中如果没有找到 ScheduledExecutorService，就会在 debug 级别的日志输出一个异常：
logger.debug("Could not find default TaskScheduler bean", ex);
当然，这个你所看到的异常并不影响应用程序运行，如果你不想看到这个异常，就可以通过提升 org.springframework.scheduling 这个包下日志级别来屏蔽这个不合理的异常:
logback & log4j XML：
<logger name="org.springframework.scheduling">
<level value="info" />
</logger>
log4j.properties
log4j.logger.org.springframework.scheduling=INFO
当然，你也可以通过配置上下文：
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class AppContext extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport{
@Bean
public Executor taskExecutor() {
return new SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor();
}
}
或者配置 spring-mvc.xml 文件：
<task:executor id="executor" pool-size="100"/>
<task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="100"/>
<task:annotation-driven scheduler="scheduler" executor="executor" proxy-target-class="true"/>